Top Dresser Market

Top Dresser Market Forecast and Outlook 2025 to 2035

The global top dresser market is projected to reach USD 980.0 million by 2035, recording an absolute increase of USD 300.0 million over the forecast period. The market is valued at USD 680.0 million in 2025 and is set to rise at a CAGR of 3.7% during the assessment period.

The market is expected to grow by nearly 1.4 times during the same period, supported by increasing demand for professional turf management equipment worldwide, driving demand for precision application technologies and increasing investments in sports facility maintenance and golf course infrastructure globally. However, seasonal demand variations and high equipment costs may pose challenges to market expansion.

Quick Stats for Top Dresser Market

• Top Dresser Market Value (2025): USD 680.0 million
• Top Dresser Market Forecast Value (2035): USD 980.0 million
• Top Dresser Market Forecast CAGR: 3.7%
• Leading Product Type in Top Dresser Market: Sand Applicators
• Key Growth Regions in Top Dresser Market: North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific
• Top Key Players in Top Dresser Market: The Toro Company, Deere & Company, Turfco Manufacturing, Earth & Turf Products, Dakota Peat & Equipment, Ecolawn Applicator, Millcreek Manufacturing, GKB Machines, Ventrac, Tru-Turf
• Top Dresser Market Year-over-Year Forecast (2025-2035)

Between 2025 and 2030, the top dresser market is projected to expand from USD 680.0 million to USD 820.0 million, resulting in a value increase of USD 140.0 million, which represents 46.7% of the total forecast growth for the decade.

This phase of development will be shaped by rising demand for golf course maintenance excellence and sports field quality improvement, product innovation in application precision technologies and material handling systems, as well as expanding integration with sustainable turf management platforms and precision agriculture applications.

Companies are establishing competitive positions through investment in advanced application technologies, versatile equipment designs, and strategic market expansion across golf courses, sports fields, and commercial landscaping applications.

From 2030 to 2035, the market is forecast to grow from USD 820.0 million to USD 980.0 million, adding another USD 160.0 million, which constitutes 53.3% of the overall ten-year expansion.

This period is expected to be characterized by the expansion of specialized top dresser technologies, including GPS-guided systems and variable rate application solutions tailored for specific turf management applications, strategic collaborations between equipment manufacturers and turf management professionals, and an enhanced focus on environmental sustainability and organic material application capabilities.

The growing emphasis on turf health optimization and playing surface quality will drive demand for comprehensive top dresser solutions across diverse recreational and commercial turf applications.

Top Dresser Market Key Takeaways

Metric	Value
Market Value (2025)	USD 680.0 million
Market Forecast Value (2035)	USD 980.0 million
Forecast CAGR (2025-2035)	3.7%

Why is the Top Dresser Market Growing?

The top dresser market grows by enabling golf course superintendents and turf managers to optimize surface quality while accessing precision application capabilities without substantial manual labor requirements.

Golf courses and sports facilities face mounting pressure to maintain premium playing surfaces and reduce maintenance costs, with modern top dressers typically providing 75-85% more uniform application and efficiency compared to traditional manual spreading methods, making automated application equipment essential for competitive turf management positioning.

The turf management industry's need for consistent surface conditioning and application-specific material distribution creates demand for comprehensive top dresser solutions that can provide superior uniformity, maintain precise application rates, and ensure reliable operation without compromising turf quality or maintenance efficiency standards.

Golf industry growth and sports facility development drive adoption in golf courses, athletic fields, and commercial landscaping applications, where surface quality has a direct impact on playability and user satisfaction. However, seasonal usage patterns and equipment investment costs may limit accessibility among smaller facilities and regions with limited golf course infrastructure or sports facility development.

Segmental Analysis

The market is segmented by product type, application, and region. By product type, the market is divided into sand applicators, organic material applicators, and other types. Based on application, the market is categorized into golf courses, sports fields, and other applications. Regionally, the market is divided into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and other key regions.

By Product Type, the Sand Applicator Segment Accounts for a Dominant Market Share

The sand applicator top dresser segment represents the dominant force in the top dresser market, capturing approximately 42.0% of total market share in 2025. This established equipment category encompasses machines featuring specialized sand handling capabilities and precision distribution systems, including advanced metering mechanisms and uniform spreading patterns that enable superior surface conditioning and playability enhancement across all turf conditions.

The sand applicator segment's market leadership stems from its fundamental importance in turf management, with equipment capable of handling diverse sand types while maintaining consistent application uniformity and operational reliability across all golf course and sports field environments.

The organic material applicator segment maintains a substantial 34.0% market share, serving customers who require environmentally conscious turf management with enhanced soil health features for sustainable course maintenance and organic growing practices.

These applicators offer premium environmental solutions for eco-friendly turf management while providing sufficient application capabilities to meet organic certification and sustainability requirements. The other types segment accounts for approximately 24.0% of the market, serving specialized applications requiring custom material handling or unique application parameters.

Key technological advantages driving the sand applicator segment include:

• Precision metering systems with adjustable application rates that ensure uniform sand distribution while maintaining accurate depth control
• Versatile material handling design enabling processing of various sand grades and topdressing materials without equipment modification
• Consistent spreading patterns allowing predictable surface conditioning and maintenance scheduling
• Enhanced operational efficiency features, reducing application time and overall maintenance costs per treated area

By Application, the Golf Courses Segment Accounts for the Largest Market Share

Golf courses applications dominate the top dresser market with approximately 44.0% market share in 2025, reflecting the critical role of surface conditioning equipment in supporting global golf course maintenance operations and playing quality standards worldwide. The golf courses segment's market leadership is reinforced by increasing golf participation, course quality expectations, and rising requirements for consistent playing surface maintenance in competitive golf markets across developed and emerging regions.

The sports fields segment represents the second-largest application category, capturing 33.0% market share through specialized surface maintenance requirements for athletic fields, stadiums, and recreational sports facilities. This segment benefits from growing demand for sports facility infrastructure that requires professional surface conditioning, player safety standards, and performance optimization in competitive sports environments.

The other applications segment accounts for 23.0% market share, serving commercial landscaping, municipal parks, and residential applications across various turf management sectors. This segment focuses on general turf improvement, aesthetic enhancement, and specialized maintenance requirements.

Key market dynamics supporting application growth include:

• Golf course expansion driven by golf industry growth and increasing demand for premium playing surfaces requiring professional maintenance equipment in global markets
• Sports fields modernization trends require specialized surface conditioning for player safety optimization and performance enhancement
• Integration of sustainable turf management technologies enabling environmentally conscious maintenance practices and organic application systems
• Growing emphasis on surface quality excellence driving demand for precision, reliable application equipment without inconsistent results susceptibility

What are the Drivers, Restraints, and Key Trends of the Top Dresser Market?

Golf industry growth and course quality standards create increasing demand for professional turf maintenance equipment, with golf course maintenance requirements expanding by 6-10% annually in major golf markets worldwide, requiring comprehensive top dresser infrastructure.

Sports facility development and athletic field modernization drive increased utilization of specialized surface conditioning equipment, with many sports organizations implementing professional maintenance strategies for player safety and performance optimization by 2030.

Technological advancements in application precision and material handling enable more efficient and accurate top dressing solutions that improve surface quality while enhancing operational efficiency and maintenance consistency features.

Market restraints include seasonal demand variations and weather dependency that can limit equipment utilization during off seasons, particularly in regions with harsh winters where turf maintenance activities are suspended for several months annually.

High equipment costs and return-on-investment considerations pose additional challenges, as professional top dressers require significant capital investment with usage primarily concentrated in specific seasons, potentially causing cash flow concerns for smaller facilities.

Competition from alternative surface improvement methods across different maintenance approaches creates additional market challenges for top dresser providers, demanding ongoing investment in technology advancement and application versatility.

Key trends indicate accelerated growth in North American markets, particularly the United States and Canada, where golf course density and sports facility development drive comprehensive top dresser adoption.

Technology integration trends toward GPS guidance with variable rate application, automated material handling, and precision control solutions enable advanced turf management approaches that improve efficiency and minimize material waste.

However, the market thesis could face disruption if significant changes in turf management practices or alternative surface conditioning methods reduce reliance on traditional top dresser equipment.

Analysis of the Top Dresser Market by Key Country

Country	CAGR (2025-2035)
USA	4.1%
Mexico	3.9%
Germany	3.5%
France	3.4%
South Korea	3.3%
UK	3.3%
Japan	3.1%

The top dresser market is gaining momentum worldwide, with the USA taking the lead thanks to extensive golf course infrastructure and sports facility development initiatives. Close behind, Mexico benefits from expanding golf tourism activities and sports facility modernization programs, positioning itself as a strategic growth hub in the Latin American region.

Germany shows steady advancement, where integration of turf management technologies strengthens its role in the European golf and sports equipment supply chain. France and the UK are focusing on golf course excellence and sports facility improvement initiatives, signaling ambitions to capitalize on growing opportunities in European turf management markets.

South Korea stands out for its technology adoption in existing golf and sports facility operations, and Japan continues to record consistent progress in precision turf management equipment modernization. Together, the USA and Mexico anchor the regional expansion story, while the rest build stability and diversity into the market's growth path.

The report covers an in-depth analysis of 40+ countries; 7 top-performing countries are highlighted below.

USA Leads Global Market Expansion

The USA demonstrates the strongest growth potential in the Top Dresser Market with a CAGR of 4.1% through 2035. The country's leadership position stems from extensive golf course infrastructure, sports facility development, and turf management professionalization driving the adoption of precision application equipment.

Growth is concentrated in major golf regions and metropolitan sports areas, including Florida, California, Arizona, and the Southeast, where golf courses and athletic facilities implement advanced top dresser systems for surface quality optimization and maintenance efficiency.

Distribution channels through turf equipment dealers and golf course suppliers expand coverage across golf course maintenance and sports field applications. The country's established golf industry provides market support for advanced turf equipment adoption, including GPS-guided and variable rate top dresser systems.

Key market factors:

• Golf course infrastructure expansion concentrated in golf destination regions and metropolitan areas with comprehensive turf management programs
• Sports facility development acceleration through athletic program growth and facility modernization initiatives
• Comprehensive turf equipment ecosystem, including established equipment providers with proven golf course and sports facility expertise
• Technology integration featuring advanced precision platforms, GPS guidance systems, and application optimization technologies

Mexico Emerges as Strong Growth Market

In Cancun, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico City, and Guadalajara, the adoption of top dresser solutions is expanding across golf resorts and sports facilities, driven by golf tourism growth and recreational facility development. The market demonstrates strong growth momentum with a CAGR of 3.9% through 2035, linked to tourism expansion and increasing focus on facility quality solutions. Mexican golf courses and sports facilities are implementing top dresser equipment and maintenance systems to enhance surface quality while meeting growing demand in expanding golf tourism and sports facility sectors. The country's golf tourism growth programs and sports development create sustained demand for turf equipment, while increasing emphasis on facility excellence drives adoption of professional maintenance and application systems.

• Leading golf tourism expansion cities, including Cancun, Puerto Vallarta, Los Cabos, and Playa del Carmen, are driving top dresser adoption
• Golf facility development models enabling 50% faster equipment deployment timelines
• Tourism agreements accelerating installation with international top dresser equipment suppliers
• Tourism policy support through golf facility modernization initiatives and sports infrastructure development programs

Germany Maintains Turf Equipment Leadership

Germany's established golf and sports sector demonstrates sophisticated implementation of top dresser solutions, with documented case studies showing 35% improvement in surface quality through advanced application equipment. The country's golf infrastructure in major cities and recreational areas, including Berlin, Munich, Hamburg, and Frankfurt regions, showcases integration of turf management technologies with existing facility systems, leveraging expertise in precision engineering and equipment reliability.

German golf courses emphasize quality and efficiency standards, creating demand for high-performance top dresser equipment that supports maintenance excellence initiatives and surface quality requirements. The market maintains steady growth through focus on turf technology integration and maintenance excellence, with a CAGR of 3.5% through 2035.

Key development areas:

• Golf courses and sports facilities leading top dresser technology adoption with comprehensive modernization programs
• Turf management services channels providing integrated solutions with 90% surface quality improvement rates
• Technology partnerships between top dresser companies and German facility operators expanding market reach
• Integration of turf management technologies and comprehensive maintenance optimization systems

France Shows Strong Golf Innovation

France's market expansion is driven by diverse golf demand, including premium courses in golf regions and sports facilities in major cities, and comprehensive facility modernization across multiple regions. The country demonstrates solid growth potential with a CAGR of 3.4% through 2035, supported by golf investment programs and sports facility development initiatives.

French golf courses and sports facilities face implementation challenges related to equipment costs and seasonal usage patterns, requiring strategic investment approaches and support from international suppliers.

However, growing quality demands and competitive pressures create compelling business cases for top dresser adoption, particularly in golf areas where surface quality has a direct impact on player satisfaction and facility competitiveness.

Market characteristics:

• Premium golf segment showing consistent growth with 25% annual increase in top dresser equipment utilization
• Regional expansion trends focused on golf areas and sports facility centers
• Future projections indicate need for turf management infrastructure and maintenance specialist programs
• Growing emphasis on surface quality and facility excellence positioning in golf and sports operations

United Kingdom Demonstrates Turf Innovation

The UK market shows strength in golf course innovation based on integration with sustainable turf systems and management technologies for enhanced environmental performance. The country shows steady potential with a CAGR of 3.3% through 2035, driven by the modernization of existing golf infrastructure and the expansion of advanced turf management platforms in major golfing areas, including Scotland, England, and Wales golf regions.

British golf courses are adopting top dresser equipment for surface optimization and sustainability compliance, particularly in regions with established golf requirements and premium course positioning demanding comprehensive maintenance upgrades. Technology deployment channels through established golf equipment suppliers and turf specialists expand coverage across golf course and sports facility applications.

Leading market segments:

• Golf course modernization projects in major golfing regions implementing comprehensive top dresser equipment upgrades
• Golf facility partnerships with technology providers, achieving 82% surface quality improvement rates
• Strategic collaborations between top dresser suppliers and UK golf courses expanding market presence
• Focus on sustainable golf positioning and specialized maintenance requirements

South Korea Emphasizes Technology Integration

In Seoul, Busan, Jeju Island, and other metropolitan areas, golf courses are implementing comprehensive top dresser solutions to modernize existing turf management infrastructure and improve surface capabilities, with documented case studies showing a 38% improvement in surface consistency through advanced application technologies. The market shows steady growth potential with a CAGR of 3.3% through 2035, linked to ongoing modernization of golf facilities, sports development expansion, and emerging golf tourism projects in major regions.

Korean golf courses and sports facilities are adopting top dresser and maintenance platforms to enhance surface quality while maintaining efficiency standards demanded by the competitive golf and sports industries. The country's established golf infrastructure creates sustained demand for turf equipment upgrade and modernization solutions that integrate with existing facility management systems.

Market development factors:

• Golf courses and sports facilities leading top dresser equipment modernization initiatives across regions
• Golf facility modernization programs providing investment support for turf management and equipment infrastructure upgrades
• Strategic partnerships between Korean golf companies and international top dresser providers expanding technical capabilities
• Emphasis on surface quality and maintenance standards compliance across golf and sports applications

Japan Emphasizes Precision and Quality Excellence

Japan's Top Dresser Market demonstrates sophisticated implementation focused on precision application and quality excellence optimization, with documented integration of advanced turf management systems achieving 40% improvement in surface uniformity across golf courses and sports facilities.

The country maintains steady growth momentum with a CAGR of 3.1% through 2035, driven by golf facilities' emphasis on quality standards and precision methodologies that align with excellence principles applied to turf maintenance operations. Major golfing areas showcase advanced deployment of turf management platforms where top dresser systems integrate seamlessly with existing facility systems and comprehensive quality management programs.

Key market characteristics:

• Golf courses and sports facilities driving precision top dresser requirements with emphasis on quality and uniformity
• Quality management partnerships enabling 94% surface consistency with comprehensive maintenance programs
• Technology collaboration between Japanese companies and international top dresser providers expanding market capabilities
• Emphasis on precision application requirements and quality excellence methodologies

Europe Market Split by Country

The top dresser market in Europe is projected to grow from USD 195.0 million in 2025 to USD 280.0 million by 2035, registering a CAGR of 3.7% over the forecast period. Germany is expected to maintain its leadership position with a 24.6% market share in 2025, maintaining 24.3% by 2035, supported by its extensive golf infrastructure, advanced turf management adoption, and comprehensive sports facility networks serving major European markets.

The United Kingdom follows with a 23.1% share in 2025, projected to reach 23.4% by 2035, driven by comprehensive golf course modernization programs and sports facility upgrades implementing advanced turf management technologies. France holds a 19.5% share in 2025, expected to maintain 19.2% by 2035 through ongoing development of golf facilities and sports turf management networks.

Italy commands a 12.8% share, while Spain accounts for 11.3% in 2025. The Rest of Europe region is anticipated to gain momentum, expanding its collective share from 8.7% to 9.4% by 2035, attributed to increasing top dresser adoption in Nordic countries and emerging Eastern European golf and sports facilities implementing turf management modernization programs.

Competitive Landscape of the Top Dresser Market

The Top Dresser Market features approximately 15-20 meaningful players with moderate concentration, where the top three companies control roughly 35-42% of global market share through established manufacturing capabilities and extensive golf industry relationships. Competition centers on application precision, equipment durability, and versatility rather than price competition alone.

Market leaders include The Toro Company, Deere & Company, and Turfco Manufacturing, which maintain competitive advantages through comprehensive top dresser solution portfolios, global distribution networks, and deep expertise in the golf course maintenance and turf management sectors, creating strong supplier relationships with golf courses and sports facilities. These companies leverage established golf industry partnerships and ongoing product development contracts to defend market positions while expanding into adjacent turf management and grounds care equipment applications.

Global Top Dresser Market - Stakeholder Contribution Framework

Top dresser solutions represent a critical turf management technology that enables golf courses, sports facilities, and turf managers to enhance surface quality and maintenance efficiency without substantial manual labor requirements, typically providing 75-85% more uniform application and efficiency compared to traditional manual spreading methods.

With the market projected to grow from USD 680.0 million in 2025 to USD 980.0 million by 2035 at a 3.7% CAGR, these solutions offer compelling advantages - superior application uniformity, enhanced operational efficiency, and consistent surface conditioning - making them essential for golf courses (44.0% market share), sports fields (33.0% share), and other turf management sectors seeking reliable precision application solutions.

Scaling market penetration and application capabilities requires coordinated action across turf management policy, industry standards, equipment manufacturers, facility operators, and professional training institutions.

How Governments Could Spur Local Production and Adoption?

• Sports Infrastructure Programs: Include top dresser capabilities in national sports facility development and recreation initiatives, providing targeted funding for turf management equipment in public facilities and supporting local equipment companies through innovation grants and manufacturing incentives.
• Tax Policy & R&D Support: Implement accelerated depreciation schedules for turf management equipment, provide tax incentives for companies investing in precision application technologies, and establish favorable research accounting standards that encourage professional turf maintenance adoption over basic maintenance approaches.
• Regulatory Framework Development: Create standardized safety certification processes across golf course and sports facility turf management applications, establish clear application precision frameworks for equipment operation, and develop international harmonization protocols that facilitate cross-border turf equipment trade.
• Skills Development & Training: Fund vocational programs for turf management technicians, golf course superintendents, and maintenance professionals. Invest in technology transfer initiatives that bridge academic research with commercial top dresser development and turf optimization systems.
• Market Access & Competition: Establish procurement policies that favor precision application solutions for government facility applications, support small and medium golf course operators through preferential lending programs, and create regulatory environments that encourage innovation in turf management technologies.

How Industry Bodies Could Support Market Development?

• Application Standards & Certification: Define standardized precision metrics for top dressers across golf course, sports field, and commercial turf applications, establish universal application quality and safety protocols, and create certification programs for equipment performance that facility managers can rely on.
• Market Education & Best Practices: Lead messaging that demonstrates top dresser advantages, emphasizing improved surface quality, enhanced maintenance efficiency, and superior application uniformity compared to manual spreading alternatives.
• Technology Integration Standards: Develop interoperability standards for turf management systems, facility maintenance compatibility guidelines, and quality assessment platforms, ensuring consistent application practices across different facility environments and maintenance requirements.
• Professional Development: Run certification programs for turf managers, golf course superintendents, and facility operators on optimizing top dresser performance, application techniques, and maintenance quality management in competitive turf markets.

How Manufacturers and Equipment Players Could Strengthen the Ecosystem?

• Advanced Application Development: Develop next-generation top dresser technologies with enhanced precision capabilities, improved material handling, and smart application options that enhance surface quality while reducing material waste requirements.
• Integration Platforms: Provide comprehensive turf management software that integrates application monitoring, maintenance scheduling, surface analytics, and quality management, enabling facilities to maximize turf effectiveness and operational efficiency.
• Support & Service Networks: Offer flexible support programs for golf courses and sports facilities, including maintenance services, technical training options, and performance optimization pathways that keep application equipment current with turf management demands.
• Research & Development Networks: Build comprehensive R&D capabilities, collaborative turf technology programs, and application development systems that ensure top dressers maintain high performance standards and reliable operation across diverse turf management environments.

How Suppliers Could Navigate the Shift?

• Diversified Equipment Portfolios: Expand top dresser offerings across sand applicators (42.0% market dominance), organic applicators (34.0% share), and specialty applications, with particular focus on golf courses (44.0% application share) and specialized solutions for diverse turf requirements.
• Geographic Market Development: Establish operations in high-growth markets like the USA (4.1% CAGR) and Mexico (3.9% CAGR), while strengthening presence in established markets like Germany (3.5% CAGR) and France (3.4% CAGR) through regional manufacturing capabilities and golf industry partnerships.
• Technology-Enabled Services: Implement advanced support systems with real-time application tracking, automated maintenance alerts, and predictive performance features that differentiate service offerings and improve customer satisfaction and performance.
• Flexible Business Models: Develop standard, premium, and custom top dresser solutions that accommodate varying facility needs, from cost-effective golf course applications to high-precision specifications for demanding sports facility and commercial turf requirements.

How Investors and Financial Enablers Could Unlock Value?

• Turf Equipment Technology Expansion Financing: Provide growth capital for established companies like Toro, John Deere, and Turfco to expand top dresser production capacity and geographic coverage, particularly in emerging markets with growing golf and sports facility demands.
• Innovation Investment: Back startups developing advanced application technologies, precision guidance systems, and integrated turf management platforms that enhance golf industry efficiency and competitive positioning.
• Regional Market Development: Finance market entry and expansion strategies for top dresser companies establishing operations in high-growth regions, supporting localization initiatives that reduce equipment costs while maintaining performance standards.
• Consolidation & Scale Opportunities: Support strategic acquisitions and market consolidation that create economies of scale, improve application capabilities, and enhance competitive positioning against fragmented regional turf equipment providers across multiple geographic markets.

Key Players in the Top Dresser Market

• The Toro Company
• Deere & Company (John Deere)
• Turfco Manufacturing, Inc.
• Earth & Turf Products, LLC
• Dakota Peat & Equipment, Inc.
• Ecolawn Applicator
• Millcreek Manufacturing Company
• GKB Machines USA
• Ventrac
• Tru-Turf Pty Ltd.

Scope of the Report

Item	Value
Quantitative Units	USD 680.0 Million
Product Type	Sand Applicators, Organic, Others
Application	Golf Courses, Sports Fields, Others
Regions Covered	North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East & Africa
Country Covered	USA, Germany, France, UK, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, and 40+ countries
Key Companies Profiled	The Toro Company, Deere & Company, Turfco Manufacturing, Earth & Turf Products, Dakota Peat, Ecolawn Applicator, Millcreek Manufacturing, GKB Machines, Ventrac, Tru-Turf
Additional Attributes	Dollar sales by product type and application categories, regional adoption trends across North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific, competitive landscape with top dresser manufacturers and facility operator partners, turf specification requirements and application standards, integration with golf course management initiatives and sports facility platforms, innovations in application technology and precision systems, and development of specialized applications with quality standards and maintenance efficiency capabilities.

Top Dresser Market by Segments

• Product Type :

  • Sand Applicators
  • Organic
  • Others

• Application :

  • Golf Courses
  • Sports Fields
  • Others

• Region :

  • North America
    • United States
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • United Kingdom
    • France
    • Italy
    • Spain
    • Nordic
    • BENELUX
    • Rest of Europe
  • Asia Pacific
    • China
    • Japan
    • South Korea
    • India
    • Australia & New Zealand
    • ASEAN
    • Rest of Asia Pacific
  • Latin America
    • Brazil
    • Chile
    • Rest of Latin America
  • Middle East & Africa
    • Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
    • Other GCC Countries
    • Turkey
    • South Africa
    • Other African Union
    • Rest of Middle East & Africa