Bacterial Antigens Market

Bacterial Antigens Market Outlook (2023 to 2033)

Bacterial antigens are molecules on the surface of bacteria that are recognized by the immune system and can elicit an immune response. These antigens can be proteins, carbohydrates, or lipids, and they play a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections. Foreign and self-antigens are prominent classifications of these antigens.

Among these, self-antigens comprise mutated or overexpressed proteins. However, foreign antigens may include bacteria, parasites, viruses, chemicals, and sometimes toxins and proteins found in food products. The epitope or antigenic determinant portion of a bacterial antigen is recognized by antigen-specific receptors located on T and B cells.

These highly immunogenic antigenic determinants elicit a strong immune response and thus, are used to generate antibodies for clinical research purposes. These antigens are majorly found in distinct formats, such as purified, inactivated pathogens, ascites, and antigen carrier conjugates. A wide range of native-state antigens is in high demand, particularly for vaccine research and in-vitro diagnostics.

Bacterial antigens have been dominant in news since 2019 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Some COVID-19 diagnostic tests relied on the detection of bacterial antigens in respiratory samples, which can provide a rapid diagnosis of the disease. In addition, there is ongoing research into the use of antigens as potential targets for the development of new vaccines and treatments for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.

What are the key drivers of demand for antigens in several applications?

Bacterial Antigens play a crucial role in the diagnosis, treatment as well as prevention of various infections. For example, the presence of specific antigens in a patient's blood or urine can indicate the presence of a bacterial infection. Following are the distinct uses of antigens that are likely to drive their demand in several applications -

• Vaccine Development – Bacteria are frequently employed as targets for the creation of vaccines to protect against bacterial illnesses. The way vaccines work is by exposing the body to a particular bacterial antigen, which sets off an immune reaction and gets the body ready to fight the bacteria if it comes into contact with it again. Standard properties recommended for apt antigens include higher specificity and sensitivity, reproducible scale-up for bulk quantities, minimal lot-to-lot variation, and extended shelf-life. Owing to the high occurrence of viral diseases viral antigens are gaining attention in growing advancement in microbiology.
• Antibody Production - Antigens can be utilized to create antibodies, which are useful for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Antibodies can be used to either target the antigen for eradication or to detect its presence in a sample.

Major potential end users for the market include hospital-associated diagnostic laboratories, diagnostic laboratories and centers, and academic and research institutes.

• Antigenic Variation - Bacteria are capable of antigenic variation, which enables them to elude the immune system and survive in the body. It may be challenging to create efficient bacterial illness therapies and vaccinations as a result.

What are recent developments in the research of antigens?

Evolution of Rapid Diagnosis Tests

There has been a significant increase in the development of rapid diagnostic tests that use bacterial antigens for the diagnosis of bacterial infections. These tests provide quick and accurate results, allowing for prompt treatment and management of infections.

Production of RNA

Recombinant DNA technology has enabled the production of large quantities of pure form that can be used for research and development of new diagnostic tests and vaccines. However, in the case of cell-free fetal DNA testing presence of these antigens possibly affect the accuracy of cffDNA test results as these can increase free DNA in the mother’s bloodstream and can be mistaken as a fatal DNA during testing.

Synthetic Antigens to Remain the Mainstay for Medical Research

Synthetic antigens can be used as research tools to study the immune system and its response to infectious agents. They can help researchers understand how the immune system recognizes and responds to different antigens. Moreover, Bacterial antigens can be used in immunoassays to detect the presence of amylase-producing strains.

In an immunoassay, antigens can be used as a probe to detect the presence of specific proteins, such as amylase, in a sample.

Antigen Engineering to Improve Diagnosis

Modern genetic engineering techniques have made it possible to alter bacterial antigens to increase their effectiveness and lessen the likelihood that they would have negative side effects. Additionally, new cancer immunotherapies are being created using antigen engineering. Researchers are able to develop therapies that prompt the immune system to attack and eliminate cancer cells by altering the antigens that cancer cells display.

Antigens Used in the Discovery of New Drugs

To develop new antibacterial drugs, researchers need to identify suitable bacterial targets and design molecules that can effectively bind to and inhibit these targets. Bacterial antigens can be used as tools to identify potential drug targets and test the efficacy of new drugs.

Key Players

key players operating in the global market are

• Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
• Creative Diagnostics
• Enzo Life Sciences, Inc.
• The Native Antigen Company Ltd.
• Jena Bioscience GmbH
• QED Bioscience Inc.
• Ross Southern Laboratories
• others

Regional Players

North America is expected to be the leading market in the global market owing to the rise in the number of research applications of antigens coupled with the increased set up of advanced diagnostic laboratories in the region as compared to other regions.

The Asia Pacific excluding Japan is expected to grow at a significant CAGR due to the high presence of domestic players manufacturing to be used to perform immunoassays and agglutination tests along with increased production of variant antigens by these key domestic players.

Europe is expected to register the second largest share in the global antigens market throughout the forecast period owing to the increased presence of distributors and suppliers across the region.

Segmentation

• Based on product type :

  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Native Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Clostridium difficile Toxoid A
  • Clostridium difficile Toxoid B
  • Native Lipoteichoic Acid
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • Recombinant Protein G
  • Trichomonas vaginalis

• Based on pathogen type :

  • Inactivated Pathogen
  • Purified Pathogen

• Based on the application type :

  • ELISA
  • Immunoassay
  • SDS-PAGE
  • Hemagglutination
  • Agglutination test

• Based on end-user :

  • Hospital Associated Diagnostic Laboratories
  • Diagnostic Laboratories and Centers
  • Academic and Research Institutes

• Based on regions :

  • North America (U.S., Canada)
  • Latin America (Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Peru, and the Rest of Latin America)
  • Europe [EU -4 (Germany, France, Italy, Spain), BENELUX (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxemburg), NORDIC (Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Sweden), Eastern Europe (Poland, Ukraine, Czech Rep., etc.), Rest of Europe
  • CIS & Russia
  • Japan
  • APEJ (Greater China, India, S. Korea, ASEAN Countries, and Rest of APEJ)
  • Middle East & Africa (GCC Countries, Turkey, Iran, Israel, South Africa, Rest of MEA)