Cricket Protein Powder Market

Cricket Protein Powder Market Forecast and Outlook 2025 to 2035

The global cricket protein powder market is likely to grow from USD 420.0 million in 2025 to approximately USD 920.0 million by 2035, recording an absolute increase of USD 500.0 million over the forecast period. This translates into a total growth of 119.0%, with the market forecast to expand at a CAGR of 8.2% between 2025 and 2035. The overall market size is expected to grow by nearly 2.2 times during the same period, supported by increasing demand for alternative protein sources, rising adoption in sports nutrition and bakery applications, and increasing focus on insect protein technologies across the global food and nutrition sectors.

Quick Stats for Cricket Protein Powder Market

• Cricket Protein Powder Market Value (2025): USD 420.0 million
• Cricket Protein Powder Market Forecast Value (2035): USD 920.0 million
• Cricket Protein Powder Market Forecast CAGR: 8.2%
• Leading Product in Cricket Protein Powder Market: Concentrate (45.0%)
• Key Growth Regions in Cricket Protein Powder Market: Asia Pacific, North America, and Europe
• Key Players in Cricket Protein Powder Market: Aspire Food Group, Entomo Farms, All Things Bugs, JR Unique Foods, Cricket One, Exo Protein, Chapul, Hargol FoodTech

Between 2025 and 2030, the market is projected to expand from USD 420.0 million to USD 630.0 million, resulting in a value increase of USD 210.0 million, which represents 42.0% of the total forecast growth for the decade. This phase of development will be shaped by rising demand for alternative protein technologies, increasing applications in nutrition optimization, and growing penetration in emerging protein markets. Food manufacturers are expanding their cricket protein powder capabilities to address the growing demand for advanced protein systems in various nutrition applications and food processing operations.

Cricket Protein Powder Market Key Takeaways

Metric	Value
Estimated Value in (2025E)	USD 420.0 million
Forecast Value in (2035F)	USD 920.0 million
Forecast CAGR (2025 to 2035)	8.2%

From 2030 to 2035, the market is forecast to grow from USD 630.0 million to USD 920.0 million, adding another USD 290.0 million, which constitutes 58.0% of the overall ten-year expansion. This period is expected to be characterized by the expansion of advanced protein processing facilities, the integration of cutting-edge cricket protein powder technologies, and the development of customized protein systems for specific nutrition applications. The growing adoption of alternative protein standards and nutrition requirements will drive demand for ultra-high efficiency cricket protein powder systems with enhanced performance specifications and consistent protein characteristics.

Between 2020 and 2025, the market experienced steady expansion, driven by increasing recognition of cricket protein powder technologies' importance in nutrition operations and growing acceptance of advanced protein solutions in complex food procedures. The market developed as food manufacturers recognized the need for high-efficiency protein systems to address nutrition requirements and improve overall food quality outcomes. Research and development activities have begun to emphasize the importance of advanced cricket protein powder technologies in achieving better efficiency and quality in protein processing operations.

Why is the Cricket Protein Powder Market Growing?

Market expansion is being supported by the increasing demand for alternative protein sources and the corresponding need for high-efficiency cricket protein powder systems in nutrition applications across global sports nutrition and bakery operations. Modern food manufacturers are increasingly focused on advanced cricket protein powder technologies that can improve protein functionality, reduce production costs, and enhance nutrition outcomes while meeting stringent food quality requirements. The proven efficacy of cricket protein powder services in various nutrition applications makes them an essential component of comprehensive protein strategies and nutrition programs.

The growing focus on nutrition industry transformation and advanced protein optimization is driving demand for ultra-efficient cricket protein powder systems that meet stringent performance specifications and nutrition requirements for food applications. Food manufacturers' preference for reliable, high-performance protein systems that can ensure consistent nutrition outcomes is creating opportunities for innovative cricket protein powder technologies and customized nutrition solutions. The rising influence of nutrition guidelines and protein protocols is also contributing to increased adoption of premium-grade cricket protein powder systems across different nutrition applications and protein systems requiring advanced nutrition technology.

Opportunity Pathways - Cricket Protein Powder Market

The cricket protein powder market represents a specialized growth opportunity, expanding from USD 420.0 million in 2025 to USD 920.0 million by 2035 at a 8.2% CAGR. As food manufacturers prioritize protein efficiency, nutrition compliance, and product performance in complex processing operations, cricket protein powder systems have evolved from a niche protein technology to an essential component enabling nutrition delivery, protein optimization, and multi-stage food production across processing operations and specialized nutrition applications.

The convergence of nutrition expansion, increasing protein adoption, specialized nutrition organization growth, and processing requirements creates momentum in demand. High-efficiency formulations offering superior protein performance, cost-effective concentrate systems balancing performance with economics, and specialized isolate variants for critical applications will capture market premiums, while geographic expansion into high-growth Asian nutrition markets and emerging market penetration will drive volume leadership. Nutrition focus on protein quality and processing reliability provides structural support.

• Pathway A - Concentrate Product Dominance: Leading with 45.0% market share, concentrate applications drive primary demand through complex nutrition workflows requiring comprehensive protein systems for processing delivery. Advanced formulations enabling improved protein efficiency, reduced processing times, and enhanced nutrition outcomes command premium pricing from food manufacturers requiring stringent performance specifications and nutrition compliance. Expected revenue pool: USD 189.0-414.0 million.
• Pathway B - Bakery & Snacks Application Leadership: Dominating with 35.0% market share through an optimal balance of performance and cost-effectiveness, bakery & snacks applications serve most nutrition procedures while meeting processing requirements. This application addresses both performance standards and economic considerations, making it the preferred choice for nutrition and processing operations seeking reliable performance. Opportunity: USD 147.0-322.0 million.
• Pathway C - Asian Market Acceleration: India (10.5% CAGR) and China (9.0% CAGR) lead global growth through nutrition infrastructure expansion, protein processing capability development, and domestic cricket protein powder demand. Strategic partnerships with local nutrition providers, processing compliance expertise, and supply chain localization enable the expansion of protein technology in major nutrition hubs. Geographic expansion upside: USD 100.0-200.0 million.
• Pathway D - Online Channel Premium Segment: Online channels serve specialized applications requiring exceptional performance specifications for critical protein processes. Online formulations supporting direct-to-consumer requirements, complex nutrition applications, and performance-sensitive processes command significant premiums from advanced nutrition organizations and specialized processing facilities. Revenue potential: USD 231.0-506.0 million.
• Pathway E - Advanced Protein & Technology Systems: Companies investing in sophisticated cricket protein powder technologies, nutrition systems, and automated processing operations gain competitive advantages through consistent system performance and protein quality reliability. Advanced capabilities enabling customized specifications and rapid deployment capture premium nutrition partnerships. Technology premium: USD 50.0-100.0 million.
• Pathway F - Supply Chain Optimization & Reliability: Specialized distribution networks, strategic inventory management, and reliable supply chain systems create competitive differentiation in nutrition markets requiring consistent cricket protein powder service availability. Companies offering guaranteed supply security, technical support, and nutrition documentation gain preferred supplier status with compliance-focused nutrition manufacturers. Supply chain value: USD 35.0-70.0 million.
• Pathway G - Emerging Applications & Market Development: Beyond traditional bakery & snacks applications, cricket protein powder in beverage applications, specialized delivery systems represent growth opportunities. Companies developing new applications, supporting R&D initiatives, and expanding into adjacent nutrition markets capture incremental demand while diversifying revenue streams. Emerging opportunity: USD 25.0-50.0 million.

Segmental Analysis

The market is segmented by product, application, channel, and region. By product, the market is divided into isolate, concentrate, and flour/other. Based on application, the market is categorized into sports nutrition, bakery & snacks, beverages, and others. By channel, the market is divided into online and offline. Regionally, the market is divided into Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America, Middle East & Africa.

By Product, Concentrate Segment Accounts for 45.0% Market Share

The concentrate segment is projected to account for 45.0% of the cricket protein powder market in 2025, reaffirming its position as the category's dominant product. Food manufacturers increasingly recognize the optimal balance of performance and cost-effectiveness offered by concentrate cricket protein powder for most nutrition applications, particularly in protein delivery and processing operations. This product addresses both performance requirements and economic considerations while providing reliable functionality across diverse nutrition applications.

This product forms the foundation of most processing protocols for nutrition applications, as it represents the most widely accepted and commercially viable level of cricket protein powder technology in the industry. Performance control standards and extensive nutrition testing continue to strengthen confidence in concentrate cricket protein powder formulations among nutrition and processing providers. With increasing recognition of the cost-performance optimization requirements in nutrition treatment, concentrate cricket protein powder systems align with both operational efficiency and nutrition goals, making them the central growth driver of comprehensive protein strategies.

By Application, Bakery & Snacks Segment Accounts for 35.0% Market Share

The bakery & snacks segment is projected to represent 35.0% of cricket protein powder demand in 2025, underscoring its role as the primary application segment driving market adoption and growth. Food manufacturers recognize that bakery & snacks requirements, including complex processing operations, specialized protein needs, and multi-stage production systems, often require advanced cricket protein powder services that standard nutrition technologies cannot adequately provide. Cricket protein powder offers enhanced processing efficiency and nutrition compliance in bakery & snacks nutrition applications.

The segment is supported by the growing nature of bakery & snacks adoption, requiring sophisticated processing systems, and the increasing recognition that advanced cricket protein powder technologies can improve nutrition performance and processing outcomes. The food manufacturers are increasingly adopting evidence-based nutrition guidelines that recommend specific cricket protein powder services for optimal bakery & snacks outcomes. As understanding of nutrition complexity advances and bakery & snacks requirements become more stringent, cricket protein powder will continue to play a crucial role in comprehensive nutrition strategies within the bakery & snacks market.

By Channel, Online Segment Accounts for 55.0% Market Share

Online channels are projected to represent 55.0% of cricket protein powder demand in 2025, underscoring their role as the primary channel segment driving market adoption and growth. Food manufacturers recognize that online requirements, including complex distribution operations, specialized protein needs, and multi-stage delivery systems, often require advanced cricket protein powder services that standard nutrition technologies cannot adequately provide. Cricket protein powder offers enhanced distribution efficiency and nutrition compliance in online nutrition applications.

The segment is supported by the growing nature of online adoption, requiring sophisticated distribution systems, and the increasing recognition that advanced cricket protein powder technologies can improve nutrition performance and distribution outcomes. The food manufacturers are increasingly adopting evidence-based nutrition guidelines that recommend specific cricket protein powder services for optimal online outcomes. As understanding of nutrition complexity advances and online requirements become more stringent, cricket protein powder will continue to play a crucial role in comprehensive nutrition strategies within the online market.

What are the Drivers, Restraints, and Key Trends of the Cricket Protein Powder Market?

The cricket protein powder market is advancing steadily due to increasing recognition of alternative protein technologies' importance and growing demand for high-efficiency nutrition systems across the food and processing sectors. The market faces challenges, including complex integration processes, potential for compatibility variations during implementation and maintenance, and concerns about supply chain consistency for specialized nutrition equipment. Innovation in cricket protein powder technologies and customized nutrition protocols continues to influence product development and market expansion patterns.

Expansion of Advanced Protein Processing Facilities and Cricket Protein Powder Technologies

The growing adoption of advanced protein processing facilities is enabling the development of more sophisticated cricket protein powder production and performance control systems that can meet stringent nutrition requirements. Specialized protein facilities offer comprehensive cricket protein powder services, including advanced protein and processing operations that are particularly important for achieving high-efficiency requirements in nutrition applications. Advanced processing channels provide access to premium services that can optimize nutrition performance and reduce protein costs while maintaining cost-effectiveness for large-scale nutrition operations.

Integration of Digital Nutrition Systems and Protein Management Systems

Modern nutrition organizations are incorporating digital technologies such as real-time performance monitoring, automated protein systems, and supply chain integration to enhance cricket protein powder treatment and distribution processes. These technologies improve service performance, enable continuous nutrition monitoring, and provide better coordination between providers and nutrition manufacturers throughout the processing cycle. Advanced digital platforms also enable customized performance specifications and early identification of potential service deviations or supply disruptions, supporting reliable nutrition production.

Analysis of the Cricket Protein Powder Market by Key Country

Country	CAGR (2025-2035)
India	10.5%
China	9.0%
USA	7.2%
Mexico	7.0%
Germany	6.5%
South Korea	6.2%
Japan	5.0%

The market is experiencing varied growth globally, with India leading at a 10.5% CAGR through 2035, driven by the expansion of nutrition infrastructure development, increasing protein processing capabilities, and growing domestic demand for high-efficiency cricket protein powder systems. China follows at 9.0%, supported by nutrition expansion, growing recognition of advanced protein technology importance, and expanding processing capacity. USA records 7.2% growth, while Mexico shows 7.0% growth, with focus on developing the nutrition technology and processing industries. Germany demonstrates 6.5% growth, South Korea shows 6.2% growth, while Japan shows 5.0% growth, emphasizing nutrition infrastructure expansion and systematic protein processing approaches.

India Demonstrates Growing Market Potential with Nutrition Infrastructure Development

India is projected to exhibit robust growth with a CAGR of 10.5% through 2035, driven by ongoing nutrition expansion and increasing recognition of high-efficiency cricket protein powder systems as essential nutrition components for complex protein processing operations. The country's expanding nutrition infrastructure and growing availability of specialized protein processing capabilities are creating significant opportunities for cricket protein powder adoption across both domestic and export-oriented nutrition facilities. Major international and domestic nutrition companies are establishing comprehensive protein and distribution networks to serve the growing population of nutrition manufacturers and processing facilities requiring high-performance cricket protein powder systems across sports nutrition and bakery applications throughout India's major nutrition hubs.

The Indian government's strategic focus on nutrition modernization and protein processing advancement is driving substantial investments in specialized protein capabilities. This policy support, combined with the country's large domestic nutrition market and expanding protein processing requirements, creates a favorable environment for the cricket protein powder market development. Indian nutrition manufacturers are increasingly focusing on high-value nutrition technologies to improve protein capabilities, with cricket protein powder representing a key component in this nutrition transformation.

• Government initiatives supporting nutrition development and protein processing modernization are driving demand for high-efficiency cricket protein powder systems throughout major nutrition and protein processing centers, including Mumbai, Delhi, and Bangalore regions.
• Protein capacity expansion and processing system development are supporting appropriate utilization of cricket protein powder among nutrition manufacturers and protein processing facilities nationwide, with particular growth in sports nutrition operations and nutrition processing services.

China Demonstrates Exceptional Market Potential with Nutrition Growth

China is expanding at a CAGR of 9.0%, supported by increasing nutrition accessibility, growing protein processing awareness, and developing technology market presence across the country's major nutrition clusters. The country's large nutrition sector and increasing recognition of advanced cricket protein powder systems are driving demand for effective high-efficiency protein solutions in both sports nutrition and bakery applications. International nutrition companies and domestic providers are establishing comprehensive distribution channels to serve the growing demand for quality cricket protein powder systems while supporting the country's position as an emerging nutrition technology market.

China's nutrition sector continues to benefit from favorable protein processing policies, expanding nutrition capabilities, and cost-competitive nutrition infrastructure development. The country's focus on becoming a global nutrition technology hub is driving investments in specialized cricket protein powder technology and protein processing infrastructure. This development is particularly important for cricket protein powder applications, as nutrition manufacturers seek reliable domestic sources for critical protein technologies to reduce import dependency and improve supply chain security.

• Rising awareness about advanced protein options and improving nutrition capabilities are creating opportunities for specialized cricket protein powder systems across nutrition and protein processing settings in major hubs like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou.
• Growing nutrition infrastructure development and technology adoption are supporting increased access to high-efficiency cricket protein powder among organizations requiring comprehensive protein capabilities, particularly in sports nutrition and bakery organizations.

USA Maintains Technology Leadership

The USA's advanced nutrition market demonstrates sophisticated protein processing deployment with documented cricket protein powder effectiveness in nutrition departments and protein processing centers through integration with existing nutrition systems and protein infrastructure. The country leverages protein expertise in nutrition technology and protein processing systems integration to maintain a 7.2% CAGR through 2035. Nutrition centers, including major metropolitan areas, showcase premium installations where cricket protein powder systems integrate with comprehensive nutrition information systems and protein platforms to optimize nutrition accuracy and operational workflow effectiveness.

American nutrition manufacturers prioritize system reliability and nutrition compliance in protein development, creating demand for premium systems with advanced features, including quality validation and integration with US nutrition standards. The market benefits from established nutrition industry infrastructure and a willingness to invest in advanced cricket protein powder technologies that provide long-term operational benefits and compliance with nutrition regulations.

Mexico Shows Strong Regional Growth Potential

Mexico demonstrates robust market development with a 7.0% CAGR through 2035, supported by expanding nutrition infrastructure, increasing protein processing accessibility, and growing recognition of advanced protein technologies across the country's nutrition network. The market benefits from favorable nutrition policies, expanding protein processing education programs, and increasing investment in nutrition facility modernization throughout major metropolitan areas.

Mexican nutrition manufacturers are increasingly adopting evidence-based protein protocols that incorporate cricket protein powder technologies for improved nutrition outcomes and protein processing advancement. The country's position as a regional nutrition hub is driving demand for reliable, cost-effective protein solutions that balance advanced performance features with economic considerations important to diverse nutrition practice settings.

Strategic Market Indicators:

• Nutrition infrastructure expansion creating opportunities for modern protein systems in new facilities and equipment upgrade projects
• Cross-border nutrition collaboration driving demand for advanced protein technologies that meet international quality standards
• Government nutrition initiatives beginning to influence procurement standards and protein processing requirements across public and private nutrition facilities

Germany Shows Strong Regional Leadership

Germany's market expansion benefits from diverse nutrition demand, including protein processing modernization in Berlin and Munich, protein development programs, and government nutrition programs that increasingly incorporate cricket protein powder solutions for nutrition enhancement applications. The country maintains a 6.5% CAGR through 2035, driven by rising nutrition awareness and increasing adoption of protein benefits, including superior protein processing capabilities and reduced nutrition complexity.

Market dynamics focus on cost-effective cricket protein powder solutions that balance advanced protein features with affordability considerations important to German nutrition operators. Growing nutrition infrastructure creates demand for modern protein systems in new protein processing facilities and nutrition equipment modernization projects.

South Korea Demonstrates Steady Market Development

South Korea's market expansion shows consistent growth with a 6.2% CAGR through 2035, driven by advanced nutrition infrastructure, growing awareness of modern protein technologies, and increasing adoption of cricket protein powder systems across protein processing facilities. The country's sophisticated nutrition system and focus on technological advancement create demand for high-quality protein solutions that meet stringent performance standards and nutrition compliance requirements.

Korean nutrition manufacturers focus on precision and reliability in protein procedures, creating opportunities for premium cricket protein powder systems with advanced features and quality validation capabilities. The market benefits from established nutrition education infrastructure and government support for protein processing technology advancement, particularly in major cities like Seoul and Busan where nutrition facilities are implementing comprehensive protein programs.

Strategic Market Considerations:

• Advanced nutrition facility development driving demand for sophisticated cricket protein powder systems with precision protein capabilities
• Growing focus on nutrition compliance and protein processing standardization supporting adoption of certified protein technologies
• Integration requirements with existing nutrition management systems and protein processing platforms

Japan Emphasizes Precision and Integration Excellence

Japan demonstrates steady market development with a 5.0% CAGR through 2035, distinguished by nutrition operators' preference for high-quality cricket protein powder systems that integrate seamlessly with existing nutrition equipment and provide reliable long-term operation in specialized protein applications. The market prioritizes advanced features, including precision protein algorithms, quality validation, and integration with comprehensive nutrition platforms that reflect Japanese nutrition expectations for technological sophistication and operational excellence.

Japanese nutrition manufacturers focus on system reliability and precision in cricket protein powder development, creating demand for premium systems with advanced features including automated quality monitoring and comprehensive protein support. The market benefits from established nutrition research infrastructure and investment in protein technology that provides long-term nutrition benefits.

Strategic Market Indicators:

• Premium focus on precision systems with advanced protein algorithms and high-reliability capabilities
• Integration requirements with existing nutrition information systems and protein processing management platforms
• Focus on cricket protein powder reliability and long-term performance in nutrition applications

Europe Market Split by Country

The cricket protein powder market in Europe is projected to grow from USD 395.0 million in 2025 to USD 620.0 million by 2035, registering a CAGR of 4.6% over the forecast period. Germany is expected to maintain its leadership position with a 24.0% market share in 2025, rising to 24.5% by 2035, supported by its advanced nutrition infrastructure, precision protein processing capabilities, and strong nutrition presence throughout major protein processing regions.

The United Kingdom follows with a 17.4% share in 2025, projected to reach 17.7% by 2035, driven by advanced protein protocols, nutrition innovation integration, and expanding specialty nutrition networks serving both domestic and international markets. France holds a 14.4% share in 2025, expected to increase to 14.7% by 2035, supported by nutrition infrastructure expansion and growing adoption of high-efficiency cricket protein powder systems. Italy commands a 11.4% share in 2025, projected to reach 11.6% by 2035, while Spain accounts for 9.6% in 2025, expected to reach 9.8% by 2035. The Rest of Europe region, including Nordic countries, Eastern Europe, and smaller Western European markets, is anticipated to hold 23.2% in 2025, declining slightly to 21.7% by 2035, attributed to market consolidation toward larger core markets with established nutrition and protein processing capabilities.

Competitive Landscape of the Cricket Protein Powder Market

The market is characterized by competition among established nutrition equipment manufacturers, specialty protein companies, and nutrition technology suppliers focused on delivering high-efficiency, consistent, and reliable cricket protein powder systems. Companies are investing in protein technology advancement, performance control enhancement, strategic partnerships, and customer technical support to deliver effective, efficient, and reliable cricket protein powder solutions that meet stringent nutrition and protein processing requirements. Protein optimization, performance validation protocols, and supply chain strategies are central to strengthening product portfolios and market presence.

Aspire Food Group leads the market with comprehensive high-efficiency cricket protein powder system offerings with a focus on performance consistency and protein reliability for nutrition applications. Entomo Farms provides specialized protein systems with focus on nutrition applications and comprehensive technical support services. All Things Bugs focuses on advanced cricket protein powder technologies and customized nutrition solutions for protein systems serving global markets. JR Unique Foods delivers established nutrition systems with strong performance control systems and customer service capabilities.

Cricket One operates with a focus on bringing innovative cricket protein powder technologies to specialized nutrition applications and emerging markets. Exo Protein provides comprehensive protein system portfolios, including advanced cricket protein powder, across multiple nutrition applications and protein processing operations. Chapul specializes in customized protein solutions and performance management systems for nutrition systems with focus on protein processing compliance. Hargol FoodTech provides reliable supply chain solutions and technical expertise to enhance market accessibility and customer access to essential cricket protein powder systems.

Key Players in the Cricket Protein Powder Market

• Aspire Food Group
• Entomo Farms
• All Things Bugs
• JR Unique Foods
• Cricket One
• Exo Protein
• Chapul
• Hargol FoodTech
• Protifarm
• Bugsolutely
• Micronutris
• Gryö
• Innovafeed (alt protein)
• Ynsect (alt protein)
• Sens Foods

Scope of the Report

Items	Values
Quantitative Units (2025)	USD 420.0 million
Product	Isolate, Concentrate, Flour/Other
Application	Sports Nutrition, Bakery & Snacks, Beverages, Others
Channel	Online, Offline
Regions Covered	Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America, Middle East & Africa
Countries Covered	China, USA, Germany, Japan, India, South Korea, Mexico and 40+ countries
Key Companies Profiled	Aspire Food Group, Entomo Farms, All Things Bugs, JR Unique Foods, Cricket One, Exo Protein, Chapul, and Hargol FoodTech
Additional Attributes	Dollar sales by product and application, regional demand trends, competitive landscape, nutrition manufacturer preferences for specific cricket protein powder systems, integration with specialty nutrition supply chains, innovations in protein technologies, performance monitoring, and nutrition optimization

Cricket Protein Powder Market by Segments

• Product:

  • Isolate
  • Concentrate
  • Flour/Other

• Application:

  • Sports Nutrition
  • Bakery & Snacks
  • Beverages
  • Others

• Channel:

  • Online
  • Offline

• Region:

  • Asia Pacific

    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • South Korea
    • ASEAN
    • Australia & New Zealand
    • Rest of Asia Pacific

  • North America

    • United States
    • Canada
    • Mexico

  • Europe

    • Germany
    • United Kingdom
    • France
    • Italy
    • Spain
    • Nordic
    • BENELUX
    • Rest of Europe

  • Latin America

    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Chile
    • Rest of Latin America

  • Middle East & Africa

    • Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
    • Other GCC Countries
    • Turkey
    • South Africa
    • Other African Countries
    • Rest of Middle East & Africa